Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Synergistic Electroceutical-Glucocorticoid Intervention Mitigates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Aging Skeletal Muscle

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.10.709862

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a, b) TA muscle volume measurements from CT images (a) and corresponding quantification (b). (c) Quantification of TA muscle weight. (d) Representative images of CSA of Type IIA muscle fibers in young and aged mice (Blue: Nuclei, Green: Type IIA fibers, Red: laminin) (scale bar: 200 μm). (e-g) Quantification of myofiber CSA (e) comparison between young and aged controls, (f) comparison among young control, DEX-treated, and DEX+ES groups; (g) comparison among aged control, DEX-treated, and DEX+ES groups (n=3). (h-j) Myogenesis-related qPCR array results: (h) young control versus aged control; (i) aged DEX-treated group versus aged control; and (j) aged DEX with electroceutical-treated group versus aged control. ( * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001 versus young control; # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01; ### P < 0.001 versus aged control )

Article Snippet: The sections underwent fixation and permeabilization, followed by incubation with antibodies against laminin (1:200 PA1-16730, Abcam, UK) and myosin heavy chain Type IIA (1:200 SC-71, DSHB, IA) for 2 hours.

Techniques: Comparison, Control

Journal: Biology of Sex Differences

Article Title: Sex differences in disease severity and immune responses in murine and human inflammatory arthritis

doi: 10.1186/s13293-026-00840-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Male CIA mice exhibit higher disease severity compared to females. Male and female CIA and saline control mice were monitored for disease severity and assigned clinical scores from day 21 after the first CII challenge until the end of experiment (day 29). (A) Line graphs representing the mean clinical scores of mice starting from day 1 to day 29. On day 29 after the first CII challenge, mice were euthanized by cardiac puncture under anesthesia for blood and serum collection and storage at −80 °C. Serum concentrations of (B) anti-mouse collagen type II antibodies (left panel) and anti-bovine collagen type II antibodies (right panel) were analyzed by ELISA. N = 5 mice per group. One of two independent experiments. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the statistical difference between the lines. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test was used to determine the statistical significance between the groups. (*/ # p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.005 and ***/ ### p ≤ 0.0005). In Fig. 1A, # significance of comparisons between CIA and saline control mice; *significance of comparisons between sexes of CIA mice

Article Snippet: Serum levels of mouse anti-collagen antibodies (autoantibodies) and bovine anti-collagen antibodies (antibodies to the immunizing antigen) were determined by ELISA using a Mouse Anti-mouse Type II Collagen IgG Antibody Assay Kit and Mouse Anti-Bovine Type II Collagen IgG Antibody Assay Kit, respectively, according to the manufacture’s protocol (Chondrex Inc. WA, USA).

Techniques: Saline, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison

Journal: Free radical biology & medicine

Article Title: Discovery of sterically-hindered phenol compounds with potent cytoprotective activities against ox-LDL-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell death as a potential pharmacotherapy.

doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Hindered phenol compound increase NPC1 levels and reduce intracellular ox-LDL caused cholesterol accumulation. (A) Serum starved ARPE-19 cells were treated with indicated doses of PMC for 18 h, cell lysates were collected and NPC1 protein levels were examined by western blot and imaged Li-COR® infrared imaging system. The fluorescent intensity of NPC1 levels were normalized to the fluorescent intensity of α-tubulin to determine fold change. (B) ARPE-19 cells were treated with ox-LDL in the presence or absence of PMC, cell lysates were collected 18 h post treatment and western blot was performed to determine the relative protein levels of NPC-1 using Li- COR® infrared imaging system. The fluorescent intensity of NPC1 levels were normalized to the fluorescent intensity of α-tubulin to determine the relative expression levels of NPC1. (C) ARPE-19 cells were treated with ox-LDL for 8hr, cells were washed and then incubated with or without PMC. Cell lysates were collected and the total cellular cholesterol content was determined by normalizing to total cellular protein content. Serum starved untreated cells served as control. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies: PPARγ and vinculin (catalog # 2443S and 13901S, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), NPC1 (Catalog # MAB10105, R&D systems, Inc. Minneapolis, MN), alphatubulin (catalog # CP06, Calbiochem, MilliporeSigma, Burlington, G. Gnanaguru et al. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 178 (2022) 360–368 MA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Imaging, Expressing, Incubation, Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: The CDO1–ACSM3 Axis Mediates Renal Tubule Lipid Deposition and Injury by Causing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lupus Nephritis

doi: 10.3390/cells15050461

Figure Lengend Snippet: CDO1 expression was elevated in renal proximal tubules of patients with lupus nephritis and positively associated with tubular injury. ( A ) Differentially expressed genes in renal tissues between MRL/MPJ and MRL/lpr mice groups ( n = 3). ( B ) IF showed the co-localization of CDO1 (red) and AQP1 (green) in renal tissues from controls and LN patients. The nucleus is stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 75 μm. ( C ) IHC showed the expression of CDO1, Kim-1, and NGAL in renal tissues of the control group ( n = 10) and LN patients ( n = 30) (brown areas indicate positivity). HE staining revealed renal tissue injury in both the control group ( n = 10) and LN patients ( n = 16). The IOD value was used for semi-quantitative analysis of IHC results, and the renal tubular injury score was employed for semi-quantitative analysis of HE results. Scale bars: 20 μm and 50 μm. ( D – F ) CDO1 expression in renal tubules showed positive correlations with the renal tubular injury score, Kim-1 and NGAL expression of LN patients ( n = 16). ( G – I ) CDO1 expression in renal tubules showed positive correlations with 24 h proteinuria, β2-MG and Cystatin C expression in LN patients ( n = 30). ( J ) CDO1 mRNA levels in renal tissues between the control group ( n = 29) and LN patients ( n = 64) from the GEO database. ( K ) CDO1 expression in renal tissues of the GEO database (control group n = 29, LN patients n = 64) was positively correlated with renal tubular injury. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *** p < 0.001; (Control vs. LN).

Article Snippet: The sections were then blocked with 10% goat serum and incubated with primary antibodies against CDO1 (1:200, Proteintech, 12589-1-AP), AQP1 (1:200, Proteintech, 66805-1-Ig), and COX IV (1:1000, Abcam, ab33985, Cambridge, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Control